Metallic shingle



June 4, 1940. uss 2,202,830

METALLIC SHINGLE Filed Jan. 6, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR 20 2 4Fig. 2 .24Z'PNE5T BUSSL'Y ATTdRNEYs June 4, 1940. E. BUSSEY 2,202,830

METALLIC SH'INGLE Filed Jan. 6, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ERNESTBUSSZ'Y ATTORN EYs Patented June 4, Iliad messes I iunrsttro seniorsErnest Birmingham, Ala, assigno'r to Sta-Rite Corporation, a corporationof Alahama Application January 6, i939,

' 11 Claims.

My invention relates to a metallic shingle and constitutes animprovement on the shingle forming the subject matter of Letters Patent2,142,996, issued to me on January 10th, 1939, wherein I show a shingleof approximately square stock, which is adapted. to-he laid with adiagonal normal to the cave, has its upper and lower tips truncated, andhas approximately the meta. thus cut away at the tips forming olisetnailing ears at each of the side corners of the shingle, as laid. In thecenter of this shingle are formed a series of vertical beads intendedboth to stiffen shingle body and to provide a raised or reliefconfiguration that would neutralize the plain, flat elfect of tieshingles in the roof.

While this patented shingle is successful i method of application and inits cove-ra t I have found that the following features of improve mentare desirable, viz; to produce more pronounced deformation of theshingle body so as to increase its shadow line effect; to preliminarilycrimp the stockwith very corrugations to soften its effect, reduce lightreflection, permit the requisite deformation without distortion of theshingle, and provide ventilation throu hout lapped areas; to arrange thecrirnped corrugations so that they travers the lapped area in thedirection which will enable them to checlr, trap, and discharge out ofthe lap area any nioisture seeking to creep transversely inwardly acrossthe lapped joints in the roof; to d ign the shin le with its stiffeningheads laid within its marginal lap areas and parallel with adjacentedges, and so matched that they not only facilitate the quick laying andaccurate centering of the shingles, but also have the important effectof forming dams that run across the criinped corrugations in the lapareas and provide means to prevent any tend ency of water to he lolownin, or to move, responsive to capillary attraction, transversely the lapareas so as to produce a leak; and finally to modify the design of thenailing cars so as to provide them with rounded tips and with ve tcally' aligned notches in the horizontal and diagonal edges of. ear, theround tips reducing possible injury to the roofers and the notchesl1aving advantages which will he later pointed out.

My invention also forms a continuation in part of my patent aforesaid inrespect of the provision of seats struck up in nailin ears to conform toand receive the-lock lips on theshingle butts.

In the drawings: I

Fig. lis a plan view of a in which the fine crimped corrugations areomitted, because of the scale of this figure they would present aconfusing shaded aspect.

- Fig. 2 illustrates a portion of a roof laid with the shingles asillustrated in Fi i, with, one shingle shown detached and ready to bemoved diagonally downwardly into position on the roof.

3 is a iragrnental view showing a corner portion of the shingle in fullsize with the crimp corrugations ahpfiaring.

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional View taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3. IFig. is a section on the line V-V of Fig. 3 with the overlying shinglelo'utt shown dotted in.

Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout thedrawings.

In the embodiment of my invention in the shingle design shown in thedrawings, I show a metallic shingle having a substantially rectangularbody with its lower butt tip truncated at it and upper tip at l l, theshingle being so out iron :bOCk that the metal displaced by thesetruncations is to present at the side corners of the shi reverselydisposed oiiset nailing corners i2 the upper horizontal edge of thecorner ii and the lower horizontal edge of the corner ii lying parallelwith and equidistant from the interposed horizontal diagonal of theshingle. These shingles are laid as shown in Fig.

2 with a marginal lap only and the main central I body portion of heshingle lying between its marginal lap areas is struck up at l t toproduce a pronounced laid. This raised portion i l is truncated at itsupper and lower edges to leave corresponding plain surfaces it where theupper and lower tips overlie and underlie the nailing ears l 2 and it inthe laid roof.

In thelap area along each side edge of the shingle I form one or morebeads it, two being shown and being sufiicient for their purposes. Eachouter head it is preferably struck along an edge of the shingle and liesparallel'therewith, and each inner head it is placed parallel with andclose to the adjacent side of the-raised center portion it. These beadsiii are all silnilar in length and in cross section and all stop shortof the plain butt and tip areas li and the ears l2 and 53 of theshingle, the adjacent inner heads ineetingat each side corner havingtheir ends juxtaposed to each other, while the outer heads have theirends terminating close to the notches ii and ill formed in the upper andlower edges of adjacent ear. The notch l 'l carries a horizontal edge ofits respective car into the body of the shingle and the notch i8 indentsthe diagonal edge of the ear, the inner vertical edges of the twonotches at each corner standing in alignment and the horizontal edge ofthe notch l8 being parallel with the horizontal edge of its ear. In "thecenter of each tip edge ill and i l Iforrn a lock lip til, which on thebutt tip. ill of the shingle as laid is bent under so as to'interlockbeneath the horizontal under edge of the ear E3 on a subsequent shingle.The lip l9 on the upper tip ii is left unbent.

It will he noted that the ends of the ears I2 shadow line eiieot in theroof as and I3 are rounded at 20 to avoid provision of a sharp point andprevent injury in handling. All of the beads l6 are similar in size andare correspondingly placed along the shingle edges in symmetricalrelation to the horizontal diagonal of the shingle body l4 so that theynot only permit the reversibility of the shingle, but they will alwaysmatch and interfit with the corresponding ribs in the side lap areas ofunderlying shingles and thus will produce three important effects:namely, that of accurately centering the shingles by means of theinterlocking of these ribs as they are laid so that the shingles cannotget out of line and can be laid rapidly and accurately without apreliminary lining of the roof; that of providing spaced dams to checkthe travel of water across the lapped areas of the shingles as laid; andthat of both stiffening the edges and increasing the ornamental effectof the shingle.

The outer bead will check the ingress of water right at the outer edgeof the shingle exposure and the inner beads form a second dam sodisplaced from the outer beads that any water that finds its way intothe side laps inwardly of the outer beads will be checked at the base ofthe inner beads and will not escape inwardly so as to produce a leak.Further, these beads being similar in size do not have surface contactthroughout their joint and thus they provide a means to check anycapillary action and provide an inclined trough or channel along whichany water gaining access to either of the bead joints will be guideddown and discharged onto the plain area I5 of the subjacent shingle.

As a means for enabling the shingles to interlock themselves positivelyand accurately into position by means of relatively small beads, withoutbeing deformed as the result from the striking up of these beads H5 orof the center portion I4, and also as a means for enhancing theappearance of the roof and of further checking the lateral ingress ofwater across the lapped areas, I form the shingles from finely crimpedstock, the original corrugations preferably having a maximum depth ofapproximately one thirty-second of an inch and being formed on centersapproximately three-sixteenths of an inch apart. The corrugations arepreferably disposed so as to lie parallel with the vertical diagonal ofthe shingle. In view of the very fine character of these corrugations 2|it was thought impractical to show them over Figs. 1 and 2, but theyhave been shown in exaggerated form in Figs. 3 and i, it being notedthat in the operation of stamping out the shingles to form the beads 16and raise the under panel 14 the corrugations will be stretched alongthe edges of such deformations and made substantially less pronouncedthan in the original stock. These corrugations 21 being disposedvertically or so as to serve to check water seeking to traverse thelapped area, will themselves form very small traps or drainage channels(see Fig. 4) through which any moisture, seeking to creep across thelapped area, will be trapped and diverted downwardly. These corrugations2| not only soften the effect of the roof, but they supply the necessaryamount of stock to enable the beads l6 and the center deformation M tobe struck up without injuring the metal or breaking the spelter coat onthe singles and without warping or adversely deforming the shingle body,this being important not only to enable the beads of lapping shinglesalways to match but also to permit a very pronounced deformation in thecentral area M, which in the laid roof will produce distinctive shadowlines and thus enhance the ornamental appearance of a roof laid withthese shingles. These corrugations 2i afiord only line contacts betweenthe lapped shingle surfaces and so will amply ventilate these joints andthus preserve the shingles.

The deformation 14, like all other parts of the shingle lies symmetricalwith respect to its horizontal diagonal, thus permitting it to beinverted and the parts of out shingles to be used so as to reduce thewaste in laying the roof in the manner described fully in my patentaforesaid.

In Fig.2 I have illustrated the manner of laying a roof with my improvedshingles, and here I show a starting strip 22 laid along the eave and astarter course of half shingles 24, cut, if desired, with enoughadditional stock along their bottom edges to be turned in under and forman interlock with the edge of the starting strip, and when thus laid thediagonal center line of the half shingle will match with the lower edgeof the starting strip. After this starting course is laid and secured bynails through their top lips IS, the first course of full sized shinglesis laid, this being quickly accomplished by matching the beads IS on thesides of their butts with the beads E6 of the starting course shingles,in doing which the horizontal edges of the full sized shingle ears l2are matched with the edges H of the subjacent starter shingle 24 and thecorners of their respective notches I! are matched with the near cornerof said edges ll. As seen in Fig. 3 this brings the diagonal edges ofthe meeting ears l2 and l3 of the first course shingles into engagement,whereupon their butt edges ID are bent to look under the half shinglesand starter strip.

The matched ears l2 and I3 of adjacent pairs of whole shingles in thefirst course, as shown in Fig. 3, form foundations, each of whichoverlies the upper tip area W of a subjacent half shingle 24 and willunderlie the butt tip area l5 of a superjacent whole shingle of thesecond course when laid.

The exposed butt tip of each shingle above the first course has its lipl9 bent back under and engaged in a seat [9a formed in the center of thehorizontal bottom edge of the ear l3 of its subjacent foundation whenits edge l0 matches the under edge of said ear and its corners matchwith the notches l1 and i8 in the ears of the subjacent shingles.

To match the seats 19a formed on the ears to receive the lock lips I9 Iform on the butt tips opposite the lock lips l9 complemental raisedportions Hlb which will match with the seats Na and permit the butts tolie flush with the under ear edge and to ride over the upper eardeformation l9b where the resulting slight separation of the metalsurfaces will not produce any adverse condition in the roof. The seatsI90. play an important part in facilitating the quick and accuratecentering of the shingle butts on their underlying foundations becauseit is easy to catch the lip IS in its seat Mia and when it is so caughtit is positively centered with respect to the subjacent car 13 and is inposition for its beads to match with the beads of the subjacentshingles. Thus, by engaging l9 and Mia, aligning the edges in and H withthe ears and their notches l1 and I8, and matching the beads "5, a roofcan be very rapidly and accurately laid and the shingles cannot get outof line, because if they do it would be impossible to match the beads orto align the ears and notches with tips I0 and II.

A roof laid with my improved shingles and in the manner described willprovide safely against leakage with so small a lap area that it willonly require about 135. squares of the shingles to cover squares ofroof.

It is further to be noted that the employment of the crimped stock willreduce the glare and both soften and enhance the appearance of the roofas a whole, even though the corrugationsZl are very fine.

While in my patent aforesaid I claimed broadly the provision ofcentering elements that would inter-engage to lock the shingle butts tosubjacent ears, the provision of the lock lip seats Mia and deformationl9b were not specifically claimed in that case, not being so importantthere, as there were no beads IS in the lap areas to be accuratelycentered as in the present case.

parting from the spirit thereof; and I desire, therefore, that only suchlimitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art oras are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

its corrugations running in a direction to check water seeking totraverse a lap area and designed to allow for the bead deformationwithout distortion of the shingle.

2. A metallic shingle having side nailing corners and tapering endportions, said shingle having matching beads struck up along its sidelap areas and being formed throughout its surface areas lyingsubstantially level of finely crimped stock defining corrugationsrunning normal to a horizontal diagonal line through the side nailingcorners and at an angle to said heads.

3. A shingle according to claim 1, in which the central area lyingwithin the marginal lap areas of the shingle as'laid is formed of firmlycrimped stock and is substantially deformed to produce a center panelraised sufiiciently to provide a distinct shadow line eifect from theshingle as laid on a roof.

4. A shingle according to claim 1, in which substantially the wholecentral area lying within the marginal lap areas of the shingle isstruck up from crimped stock to provide a polygonal raised substantiallyflat pan'el designed and arranged to produce a distinct shadow line fromthe shingle as laid on the roof, said deformation and marginal beadsbeing symmetrical with respect to said horizontal diagonal of theshingle, to permit the latter to be reversed.

5. A metallic shingle having side nailing cor beads are struck uptherefrom, said beads forming positive centering elements to properlyalign the shingles and being disposed to form a dam means to prevent thewater traversing the crimped lapped area.

6. A metallic shingle formed wholly of finely crimped stock out toprovide. therefrom side nailing corners and reversely tapered upper andlower body portions, the corrugations in the stock lying normal to ahorizontal diagonal through nailing corners, a symmetrical raisedcentral deformation, and symmetrical raised marginal deformations formedin the marginal lap areas of the shingle whereby the shingles can bepositively matched and centered as laid on the roof, said crimpedshingle body lying in a common plane except for said raised deformation.

7. A shingle according to claim 6, in which substantially the whole bodyarea of the shingle lying inwardly of its marginal lap areas is struckup to form a flat central deformation raised sufficiently to give apronounced shadow-line-proreversible.

8. A metallic shingle having truncated butt and tip and ofiset sidenailing corners, centering,

a horizontal diagonal through said corners, said shingles havingmarginal lapped areas as laid on the roof, said areas having formed ineach when laid in exposed position to engageunder a nailing corner of asubjacent shingle in the roof.

11. A metallic shingle having a generally square body with opposedreversible truncated upper and lower butts and with side nailing carswhich are adapted in adjacent shingles of a row to abut and provide afoundation shaped to receive the butt of an overlying shingle and toprovide a horizontal matching edge for the overlying butt tip, matchingbeads symmetrically disposed in the marginal lap edges of the shinglebody, corresponding aligning lock lips projecting symmetrically from thecenter of both truncated butt edges, the lowermost lip being adapted totip and shingle ear edge having complemental center deformations whichare adapted to interfit and accurately center the shingles as laid.

, ERNEST BUSSEY.

